Hungary To
the right
The
increasingly obvious authoritarian tendencies in Hungary should
not surprise too much. The warning signs were not missed,
particularly during a previous government of Viktor Orban. At
that time the conservative right was supported from outside by
the Magyar Igazsagés EletPart ("Party of Hungarian Justice
and Life") openly anti-Semitic. Well-known relations of the
leader Istvan Cusurka (former member of the conservative and
populist Magyar Demokrata Forum) with the French National Front.
Orban had given its support to the Cusurka campaign for the
rehabilitation of the Arrow Cross, the Hungarian Nazi
collaborators. This year, in late July, although the former
Hungarian gendarmerie captain Sandor Kepiro, accused of having
taken part in the massacre by the Nazis in Novi Sad in 1942, was
acquitted for "lack of evidence." A verdict that the
"Documentation Centre on Nazi war criminals Simon
Wiesenthal" has called "outrageous." The
participation of the Hungarian police raids of 1942 is
historically proven. Thousands of Jews, Gypsies and Serbs were
killed and their bodies thrown into the Danube. Recently, the new
government of Viktor Orban has demanded the revision of the
contents of the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the
Holocaust as "Admiral Miklos Horthy's unfair." Regent
of Hungary from 1920 to 1944, Horthy had introduced anti-Jewish
measures in the legislation even before the arrival of the Nazis.
In
1999 one of Viktor Orban closest collaborators was the director
of the Institute for the Study of the twentieth century, Maria
Schmidt. During a conference she had called the Holocaust "a
secondary consideration" in the history of the Second World
War. Claiming that she considered worthy of Le Pen, the gas
chambers "a detail" of the conflict. Orban, despite
criticism, had confirmed Maria Schmidt in her post. Also in 1999,
not coincidentally, Budapest was the location of two major
international antisemitic events.
At the risk
the freedom of the press
Today, with Orban back to power in May 2010, the situation seems
to be getting worse. Those who attended the event organized by a
handful of brave journalists can confirm this on July 13. No more
than 250, led through the streets of Budapest, a coffin, a symbol
of the fate of press freedom in Hungary. In June, the well 570
editors MTV television and Duna TV, radio and public agency MTI
had been dismissed. Many should follow shortly, by the end of
August. It was also fired the entire editorial staff that took
care of the weekly broadcast of public television dedicated to
the Gypsy minority. The opposition has denounced what he called a
"political purge". Since the end of last year all the
public media have been unified into a single central editorial
office, the MTVA that produces all the information. Among those
responsible for MTVA, a certain Daniel Papp. He had his moment of
fame when it was discovered that he had completely falsified the
statements of the European Greens in a press conference in order
to discredit the MEP Daniel Cohn-Bendit.
The
new version of the media law took effect July 1. It looks even
more coercive than that adopted in December 2010, it raised an
outcry in Europe. At the risk of public sector enterprises, which
may only be dissolved by the Media Council, in the hands of
loyalists Orban. The Council will also not renew the contract of
private radio and television. Be noted that Annamaria Szalai,
president of the Council, an official organ of protection, even
against children, had taken its first steps into the world of
print publishing a pornographic monthly. The newly-established
Council of the media does not seem to want to speak about openly
racist and anti-Semitic comments on publications and websites
popping Hungarian. Instead Népszava already come under fire, a
leftist newspaper, guilty of not having censored a letter from a
reader who was not allowed to criticize the president Pal
Schmitt.
Mandatory work
With a reform passed in July, unemployment compensation was
reduced to ninety days. Also on 1 September those who use public
assistance will be engaged in "socially useful" work
such as cleaning streets and parks or in the yards of two-stage
construction, one in Budapest, the other in Debrecen. Anyone who
refuses will lose the subsidy. To be involved in this project of
compulsory work (taken from the program of far-right party
Jobbik) will be particularly the Roma surveillance will be
entrusted to members of the police sent into early retirement.
One way to "put back to work at least 300 thousand people,"
Interior Minister Sandor Pinter the second. With the new
regulations the municipal authorities will be able to "see
if the beneficiaries of the subsidies they are worthy." We
provide inspections to check the "cleaning their homes and
their clothes." In addition to the ethnic, social racism
crops up. Moreover, the Nazis persecuted Sinti and Roma as
"antisocial individuals" (as anarchists) knowing that
it was "pure Aryans" as Hitler himself admitted.
Although reluctantly, it is assumed.
Gianni Sartori
Chile Finally
a springtime of fights
These
days there is much talk in the spring of the Chilean people. For
three months, students in Chile have created a movement that was
initially characterized with claims that they had to do with the
school system and education in general is very expensive that
fall on the parents and families in general. You must know
that in Chile there is no public school, everything is
privatized, the schools are run by municipalities and therefore
the parents must pay the high rate of common, because it assumes
that the same common teachers, who are paid with installments
which are required for parents. The same thing happens in the
middle schools and high schools and universities All this
happens because the Pinochet dictatorship system of education was
given to individuals who are owners of the university, schools
and colleges.
Today there are millions of Chileans who live with the nightmare
of installments that must be paid to these banks and masters of
education. There are very strong group of middle-class Chilean
who have invested in this deal is a deal where the only round to
earn these are private groups that take advantage of all
Chileans. Today, students with their mobilization were able to
involve most of the people because they are repealed these laws
giving privileges to individuals. They ask that in Chile there is
a free public and state school, these are the initial reasons for
the protest. From May to now there have been protests,
demonstrations and occupations that have seen students at all
school levels occupy all the institutions in Chile This meant
that the whole people sympathize with the students bringing food
to the occupations, parents are organizing associations to
support the struggle of their children. In large cities such
as Santiago, Valparaiso Concetion, Temuco, Antofagasta.
In three months of stirring, the right-wing government of Prime
Minister Pinera has responded to requests from students only
repression, provocative and indiscriminate beatings every time he
took to the streets. The highlight was the starts in August, when
they launched a national demonstration and the government has
prohibited for reasons of public policy. Students took to the
streets anyway, but this time they had next to them the support
of all the neighborhoods, associations and human rights
committees. That event had managed to bring out students from the
isolation in which the government wanted to confine them. There
were 870 boys, thousands of injured and therefore most of the
detainees were tortured in prisons and barracks (which is why the
G8 in Italy in the period 2001 to call the night the Chilean
repression that had been the movement) but in Chile something
permitted by impunity enjoyed by police so they can torture,
kill, destroy homes and get into everything without ever being
prosecuted or expelled from the service, everything is permitted
to them. In August there was a general strike of the single
central trade unions of workers who brought hundreds and
thousands of people to the streets in all major cities of Chile
and took part in the strike not only workers but with a strong
involvement of students and residents of neighborhoods.
Only in Santiago there were more 'than 800,000 people who have
demonstrated and clashed with police for two days. The repression
was strong, there were 1,400 arrests, a 14 year old boy was
killed by police who fired wildly in the Macul district. All this
has done nothing but increase the support of the struggles of
students and workers. Today in Chile it is normal to see the
red and black flags in protest, and the flags of the Mapuche
people. On one hand, today the Mapuche have earned their own
political space because it is more than twenty years carrying on
a struggle to recover their lands. Despite the repression,
violence and destruction of villages and the imprisonment, the
Mapuche have continued this fight for the sacrosanct right to
exist. The government gave the only answer to the Mapuche is
to accuse them as terrorists, applying for this anti-terror laws
of the Pinochet dictatorship. Dozens of Mapuche were jailed, some
sentenced to 10 years and the last 4 have been sentenced to 25
years. In these days there will be another process that involves
9 Temocuicui Mapuche community, they also face a heavy sentence.
There is also the Chilean anarchists who undergo repression that
in 2009 there was a big crackdown that has seen the closure of
the social centers and occupied the house and the detention of 14
comrades who are known for a process called "bomb case".
Many of them were 180 days in jail, have also long hunger strikes
ensure the recognition of their innocence. Today, most of them
are under house arrest, some with the obligation to sign on every
month, others with a prohibition to leave in the evening. All are
awaiting trial. The prosecutor is asking for two of them life
sentence and for the other a sentence of 10 years. Today, adding
up all these things (Mapuche anarchist workers and students) is
forming a large unit of struggling with economic and political
content have to do with the interests of all the people,
struggling with all his might forever change the situation that
Chile carries from the time of the dictatorship. We must also
point out that what was now the Chilean Left does not have any
sympathy from the people, this battle came from below and to do
with the true interests of the Chilean people. So right for this
movement is very difficult to remove because there are the usual
so-called left-wing parties to mediate and ready to betray the
struggles that so hardly the Chileans are carrying out.
In 1990 he returned to civilian rule in Chile after 17 years of
dictatorship, the government has reached a coalition called the
Concertation, made by Socialists and Christian Democrats. This
Consultation has sunk forever expectations of Chileans who
thought that once the military left would return to democracy
and the rule of law. All this has happened, has gone ahead with
the same policy of the military, the economic neo-liberalism and
the Chilean constitution of 1980 set to be one of the most
ferocious dictatorships in Latin America on record. In twenty
years has not changed anything, the capitalists go on
undisturbed, the state is increasingly oppressor against anyone
who wants to challenge the system inherited from the military. It
is as if the dictatorship in Chile still continue, whoever
resists (both Mapuche and students, workers, anarchists and
movements in general) is charged as a terrorist, the repression
is very strong, the frames are on the agenda, the torture is a
daily thing, but despite all this, students have the same life as
a national day of protest for September 8. A portion of the
population is asking for a referendum to change the damn
constitution that for almost 30 years has given the total
impunity of those responsible for genocide against the people of
Chile and gave a free hand to the middle class, military and
corporations to loot and plunder all Chile's natural resources,
leaving the people in misery.
Associazione Comitato Lavortori Cileni Esiliati for
further information see these blogs: wwwsrhostil.org/elsurco
(anarchist newspaper), wwwliberdadlos14a.blogspot.com
.blogspot.com
Remembering Rocco
Ventre
Tuesday, September 6, at 7 am, died in Sulmona Rocco Ventre, the
lawyer who was very close to the anarchists in the dark days of
the Massacre of State who was a member of the Political-legal
Committee, formed for the defense of fellow pursued by law
enforcement officers immediately after the tragedy of the
Agriculture Bank of Milan and contemporary attacks in Rome. I
met the lawyer for the first time. Belly to Palazzaccio of Rome,
if I remember correctly in the fall of 1966. I was with Mario
Mantovani Attorney to respond to an injunction relating to an
article in A, unwelcome and liable to power by virtue of a
scelbiana law. That day, Rocco (let me call it that, with the
first name alone, more than forty years for the friendship that
bound me to him) defended a lanky young man in his early
twenties, charged with a petty theft. Apologists argue with an
absolutely free of rhetoric, but with a human tension that
affected me deeply. Palermo, like me, like me and the whole
generation lived in the dramatic period of the Second World War,
grew up, as we say among ourselves, on bread and cake, to allude
to a food extremely poor, suitable only to alleviate the hunger
of atavistic wretched time. He moved to Rome and completed his
law studies, he opened a law office in the Avenue of the Militia,
which, in the hard times of the seventies, the garrison was safe
for everyone, young and old, who suffered repression and
provocation of the homeland institutions. His active
participation in the protest movement was to push the police and
judiciary to mount against him a trap that led him to jail but
that was soon dismantled.
Rocco
had lived through the rift between the PCI group and the
Magri-Rossanda-Natoli which was soon edited the Manifesto, which
was for a long sheet of legal time. I still have vivid
memories of our participation in the largest gathering of Bologna
in the autumn of 1977, a gathering that, in many ways, marked the
decline of the immense movement in conflict. I remember the
great sadness that we took out of the room a cinema center of
Bologna, where, with the presence of Franca Rame and almost all
the garrisons of the legal opposition front, there was discussion
on how to continue the defense of all the protagonists of the
pursued extraordinary season across the country. We noticed, in
the many actions of the defendants, a power failure, a sense of
discouragement, a weakening of the items, an overall taste of
defeat that would have haunted all the way back and beyond. A
short time passed before the remaining hopes drowned in craxismo
and decent people were expelled from politics. Rocco could not
withstand the impact, gave the study to its employees and retired
to his home in Rome, until, a little less than two years ago, he
decided, with Tweety, his companion of all time, to move in
Sulmona: Rome unlivable now - told me over the phone. The last
time I called him into the new residence, because he insisted
were to visit with my family which was always linked. But I had
my ailments. But then, her discomfort to exist - which was also
mine - was the one insisted on bass and deep bass note, which did
not admit complicity comforting.
Antonio Cardella
A as
Archives, At
Lisbon
I
admit to leaving to Lisbon I was wondering what the FICEDL was.
The acronym is dissolved in the Fédération Internationale des
Centres d'Etudes et de documentation libertaires, but the
original question was left open. A fixed point we can still put
it on its origins: the first meeting dates back to 1979, since
then the international meetings are continuing at a more or less
every two years.
The Federation is actually very little federation and is
characterized, for better or for worse, for the extreme
informality: there is no secretariat, there are rumors about the
existence of a document containing the pact semi-clandestine
associations, even difficult to say with sure who arranged for
members and under what criteria and how a study center, archive
or library can join it. Yet, as only they can do the anarchists
(or, perhaps, as only they know how to tell if the anarchists)
everything works perfectly. In fact there is no denying that this
15th meeting was an excellent opportunity for debate and
discussion, with small steps forward in the coordination of
activities.
Mário
Rui Pinto, the Portuguese fellow classmates and guests with
warmth and generosity of the three days (September 16 to 18)
which was held in the historic rooms of BOESG, library founded in
1947 as a center for popular reading and recently renamed from
Library operários dos and empregados by Sociedade Geral dos
estragos from Observatorio to Library sociedade globalizada. Few
but good the attendance. About a dozen participants arrived in
Lisbon from Brazil, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and
Switzerland to represent the following centers: E. Archive and
Library Travaglini (Fano), Germinal Archive Library (Carrara),
Library and Archives T. Claramunt (Soria), Terra Livre Library
(St. Paul), Libertarian Cultural Centre (Lille), Centro de
libertarian culture (Almada), Libertarian Studies Centre /
Archive Pinelli (Milan), CIRA (Lausanne), Fundación S. Follows
(Barcelona). Instead, they did get a greeting BFS of Pisa,
Marseille CIRA, Centro de St. Paul's social culture, social F.
Library Luz in Rio de Janeiro and Eutopic Library in Athens. The
technical discussion has focused primarily on the treatment of
the posters, records from libraries in the past considered as
"lesser material", often relegated to the dust of the
stores, but today is becoming more and more their historical,
artistic and communicative. Frederic de Lausanne outlined the
rules adopted by CIRA on preservation, digitization and
cataloging, and Claude de Lille presented
http://placard.ficedl.info
site. Although it is still in experimental phase, the project
expects to make an international collective catalog of anarchists
and libertarian posters, based on a single database where each
center, according to standard criteria, can add their own posters
or locate if it is already loaded by others. The
evening continued on Friday with a screening of the documentary
Memória Subversive, collection of oral testimonies of elderly
Portuguese militants, and the whole day on Saturday is slipped
between two stimulating discussions proposed by the "Milan".
The first, coordinated by Lawrence Pezzica, has raised a number
of fundamental questions about the present and the future of the
archives libertarians, starting with the bitter realization that
the self is almost never sufficient to ensure adequate
conservation and availability of collections documentary. If the
generation output from the seventies has been used with some
success to save the scattered pieces of memory of the movement,
now you are facing the problem of managing this heritage, aware
of the risk that failing to ensure that public use is equivalent
to condemned to oblivion. And then,
such as roads go? Different positions of these centers, makes no
secret of who to accept public funding to those who categorically
excludes cash money to put into institutions, by the Spaniards
who can appeal to the support of the anarcho-syndicalist unions
provocative idea, this time unanimously rejected , to indulge in
indiscriminate fund raising strategies. But the discussion points
were also many others: how to reconcile, for example, the need
for quality professional archival work and librarian with the
voluntarism that characterizes daily life of our centers? How to
store memory for today, from the time when e-mail and digital
communications have taken the place of the materiality of paper?
How to properly convey to younger generations the importance of
the preservation of memory? And so on. The second discussion,
introduced by Andrea Staid by Raimondi and Gaia, the center has
placed the concept of "revolution" and its translation
into practice, taking arguments already explored in the seminar
organized by the collective A.sperimenti in November 2010, of
which they are acts were presented. Also here is not a long and
meaningful debate, well dropped at a meeting of archives and
libraries that are meant to be founding purpose of the
collections held in current projection, which centers not only of
conservation but also for reflection on practice libertarian. The
evening ended with a birthday cake to celebrate 70 years of
Amedeo Bertolo, while the next day, the Assembly welcomed the
proposal by Mimmo Pucciarelli to keep in Lyon, a city where
FICEDL had gathered in 1980, the next international meeting in
2013. For the time will soon be turned on a mailing list link at
ficedl@ficedl.info.
Luigi Balsamini
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